In the spirit of the new project (the evolution of _______ ), I thought it apt to supply some of the strange history of bananas. I was originally inspired by
this article on "The Unfortunate Sex life of the Banana."
Since then, through painful and sometimes conflicting research, I have been able to piece together this brief timeline:
EVOLUTION OF THE BANANA TRADE
Wild-growing free and wild for (?) years
-inedible
-2 inedible strains cross-produce and form edible banana
-this edible banana is discovered (these early bananas must be cooked to eat)
Early Cultivation-this banana is infertile (the banana fruits do not have seeds that can be planted to produce a new banana plant) and must have corm (stocks of roots) cut and replanted to regenerate a "new" banana plant.
-because of this, many experts believe the banana to be the first fruit farmed by men. (2000 BCE)
-organized plantations in china (200 CE)
Travel-Islamic conquerors spread bananas to Africa, where many genetic mutations occurred.
-From here, Portuguese traders then spread bananas to the Canary Islands (650 CE), then Caribbean and the Americas (1502 CE)
-Guinean native word for banana- "banema" switched to "banana" in english. This word was first found in print (1700 CE)
The Yellow Banana-yellow banana is first found in Jamaica (1836 CE)
-it is a mutant strain of the red and green cooking bananas
-the banana was first noticed for its yellow color by Jean Francois Poujot and noted for its sweetness and ability to be eaten raw- previous bananas had lacked these traits
-the yellow banana was officially introduced to American families at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition as an "exotic dessert" (1876 CE)
-bananas were wrapped in foil and sold for 10¢
Modern-to 1950s- "Gros Michael" strain bananas #1 import to America
-1950s- Panama disease attacked Gros Michael bananas and they became extinct
-Cavendish, a strain of banana from Vietnam, was less sweet but immune to the disease
-post 1950s- Cavendish became the #1 US import
-plantations switched primarily to South America and Asia
-bananas become the fourth largest crop worldwide
-only 10-15% of bananas grown are exported (the majority of these being yellow "dessert bananas")
-most bananas grown are plantains used for cooking, forming a staple crop for many third- world diets (this is where the term "banana republic" stems from)
-with bananas being such a large source of wealth, exploitative corporations (such as the former United Fruit Company) battle with South American governments for power
Now-Panama disease is beginning to attack formerly-resistant Cavendish crops
-scientists are attempting to genetically modify strains to be immune, but the future of the banana remains uncertain